Advertise, Advertise, Advertise

An economic downturn brings opportunity for those who are willing to take a leap of faith and who have a cash cow they can use to buy advertising when times get tough.  When you go looking for success stories - or survival stories - from the Great Depression, you read that there are a number of examples of brands becoming successful through the trying times. 
The most widely quoted are Chevrolet cars, Camel cigarettes and Procter & Gamble.  Each of these relied heavily on advertising because they realized that they needed advertising to create and maintain brand loyalty.

In 2008, Dave Chase wrote "How brands thrived during the Great Depression", and provided a good rundown on these three:

• Procter & Gamble. To this day, P&G maintains a philosophy of not reducing advertising budgets during times of recession, and the company certainly did not make any such reduction during the Depression. It's not a coincidence that P&G has made progress during every one of the major recessions. While competitors cut ad budgets, P&G increased its spending. While the Depression caused problems for many, P&G came out of it unscathed. Radio took P&G's message into more homes than ever, and P&G became a pioneer in effective use of that medium, including its role in creating the notion of soap operas.
• Chevrolet. During the 1920s, Fords were outselling Chevrolets by 10 to 1. In spite of the Depression, Chevrolet continued to expand its advertising budget and, by 1931, Chevrolet took the lead in its field. It is believed that Ford's weaker balance sheet entering the Depression rendered it unable to respond to Chevrolet.
• Camel Cigarettes. In 1920, Camel was the top-selling tobacco product. American Tobacco Co. then struck back with the Lucky Strike brand, and by 1929 Lucky had overtaken Camel as the No. 1 brand. Two years later, in the heart of the Depression, Chesterfield also overtook Camel. Camel countered with a dramatic increase in ad spend and, by doing so, demonstrated the power of advertising during depressed times. By 1935, it was back on top.

Advertising Lesson #5 from the Great Depression: Advertise ... Hard.

This is my final installment on Depression Marketing.  Hope you enjoyed it, and found it uplifting.

What went wrong with the Big 3?

What went wrong with the "Big 3"? If you think of any company being made of three core functions:

1. Marketing - Determining the target market, determining what products the target wants, communication with the target, and ensuring that they live up to their Brand Promises,
2. Finance - Determining how to pay for the inputs, ensuring that the outputs are produced as efficiently as possible, and making sure that there is enough money in the bank to keep things running, and
   
3. Operations - Producing products that meets the needs of the Marketing Team, and doing so in a way to keep the Finance team happy.

Then, where did the Big 3 go wrong?

1. Marketing - They had no Brand Promise. What does GM stand for? Big cars? Little cars? Big trucks? Cheap? Luxury? They are trying to be everything to everyone. Taking on the Luxury German market and the low-cost Kia market. Yuck. Stuck in the middle. They stink, and thier products suck. Why would I buy a "luxury" Cadillac that was based on the same platform as the "work horse" GM truck? The Big 3 lost a grip on who their target market was, what they wanted, and how to reach them.
   
2. Finance - Was no one watching the books? It is disheartening that in light of recent financial scandals like Enron, and with all the subsequent "SOx" and Governance oversight that is supposed to be in place, that NO ONE from these Big 3 was sounding the horn louder and sooner that they were all headed for bankruptcy. Who is at fault here? The Finance teams in these companies should have hit the big red button several years ago. Surely it was evident that costs were spiralling out of control.
   
3. Operations - Are the unions to blame? They clearly need to share the blame. Mind you, some MORON in the Finance department must have agreed to the ridiculous contracts that the unions have negotiated over the years. Also, the MORONS in Marketing continue to get the Operations team to build products that their market might have wanted 3-10 years ago, but doesn't give a rats ass about now. So, as long as the Operations teams are building out the automobiles that they are told to, and doing it under the agreement of the Finance team, I'd have to think that they should carry less of the weight. That said, responsible Unions and Management teams should be constantly working together to figure out the most efficient and practical way to produce.

My verdict ... The auto sector has to be "bailed out" simply to prevent them from bringing down the entire economy. However, conditions on them being allowed to receive bail-outs should include:

• Bail-outs should be either high-interest loans (they are risky after all), or equity
• Executives should be forced to resign (with no golden parachutes) and should be replaced with people with real vision
• Each company and each sub-brand should have to put a REAL marketing plan in place with a real brand position. Overlapping brands should be eliminated. (E.g. Big-ass Chrysler SUVs and Big-ass Jeeps? Big-ass Chrysler cars and Big-ass Dodge Cars? GM, Pontiac, Buick, and Cadillac? GM Trucks, Cadillac SUVs, and Hummer?)

I'm no expert on Finance matters, so I won't comment on those, except to say that the classic Porter strategies state that these companies should either be low-cost, differentiated, or niche. The automobile market is mass-market, so they had better all be thinking Low-Cost. To review ...

Low Cost: The low cost leader gains competitive advantage by being able to produce at the lowest cost. You can sell things for the same price and have more profit, or more cash to do battle with, or win a price war and still make a profit.

There's my rant for today. If you are from one of the Big-3, and want help doing a Brand Audit in order to get on track with your marketing plans, don't hesitate to contact Market GoGo.